I-HSS, i-SpeedSteel ePhakamileyo, luhlobo lwemathiriyeli yesixhobo endinxibelelana nayo kakhulu xa ndingena kushishino lwezixhobo.Kamva, safunda ukuba isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu esasisebenzisayo ngelo xesha kufuneka sibizwe ngokuba "yintsimbi eqhelekileyo yesantya esiphezulu", kwaye kukho iipropati ezingcono kunayo, ezifana ne-aluminium yesantya esiphezulu, i-cobalt isantya esiphezulu, njl. iphezulu kunayo malunga nokwakheka kwe-alloy, okanye i-powder metallurgy high speed steel ekucacayo ukuba ingaphezulu kwayo ngokwendlela yokunyibilikisa;Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho okubizwa ngokuba yi "low-alloy high-speed steel" kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi.
Isixhobo sensimbi esinesantya esiphezulu sibandakanya izinto ezimbini ezisisiseko:Enye i-carbide yensimbi (i-tungsten carbide, i-molybdenum carbide okanye i-vanadium carbide), enika isixhobo ukuxhathisa okungcono;Okwesibini yintsimbi ye-matrix esasazwa ngeenxa zonke kuyo, eyenza isixhobo sibe nokuqina okungcono kunye nokukwazi ukufunxa impembelelo kunye nokuthintela ukuhlukana.
Kufunyaniswa ukuba ubungakanani beenkozo zensimbi enesantya esiphezulu zinempembelelo enkulu kwiipropati zentsimbi ephezulu.Nangona ukwandisa inani le-carbide yensimbi kwintsimbi kunokuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ngokunyuka komxholo we-alloy, ubukhulu be-carbide kunye nenani le-agglomerate liya kwanda, eliya kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kubunzima. yentsimbi, kuba amaqela amakhulu e-carbide anokukhawuleza abe yindawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka.Ke ngoko, amazwe angaphandle enze uphando kwangoko kakhulu ukuze alandele ukutya okuziinkozo kwentsimbi enesantya esiphezulu.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwentsimbi ekhawulezayo yomgubo wesinyithi yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo eSweden yaza yangena kwimarike ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970.Le nkqubo inokongeza izinto ezingaphezulu kwe-alloy kwintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu ngaphandle kokonakalisa amandla, ukuqina okanye ukugaya kwezinto, ukuze isixhobo esinobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, sikwazi ukufunxa impembelelo yokusika, kwaye ilungele ukucutshungulwa kwezinga eliphezulu lokusika. kunye nokucutshungulwa okuphakathi kunokwenziwa.Nangona kunjalo, iyadibanisa ukuqina okuhle kwentsimbi enesantya esiphezulu kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-carbide enesamente.Ngenxa yokuhanjiswa okulungileyo kunye nokufana okufanayo kweengqungquthela ze-carbide kwi-powder metallurgy high-speed steel, amandla ayo kunye nokuqina kwayo kuphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu esinomxholo ofanayo we-carbide.Ngale nzuzo, izixhobo zensimbi ze-metallurgy ze-speed zifanelekile kakhulu kwiziganeko zomatshini kunye nefuthe elikhulu lokusika kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokususa isinyithi (njengokusika i-flexure, ukusika okuphakathi, njl.).Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuba amandla kunye nokuqina kwe-powder metallurgy high-speed steel ayiyi kuba buthathaka ngokunyuka kwe-carbide content, abavelisi bensimbi banokongeza inani elikhulu lezinto ze-alloy kwintsimbi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo zesixhobo.Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba izixhobo ze-tungsten (W) zizixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo, kwaye i-carbides ye-cemented yanamhlanje isebenzisa izixhobo ze-tungsten ngobuninzi, i-low-tungsten i-high-speed steel ibe yindlela yophando lwetsimbi kunye nophuhliso.Isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu esine-cobalt (HSS-Co) siphuhliswe kwinani elikhulu kumazwe angaphandle.Kamva, kwaqatshelwa kumazwe ngamazwe ukuba i-high-speed steel equkethe i-cobalt enomxholo ongaphezulu kwe-2% ye-cobalt yayiyi-high-speed steel steel (HSSE).I-Cobalt iphinda idlale indima ebonakalayo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwensimbi ephezulu.Inokukhuthaza i-carbides ukuba inyibilike ngakumbi kwi-matrix ngexesha lokucima kunye nokufudumeza, kwaye isebenzise ubunzima obuphezulu be-matrix ukuphucula ukumelana nokunxiba.Isantya esiphezulu sentsimbi sinobunzima obuhle, ubunzima be-thermal, ukumelana nokugqoka kunye nokugaya.Umxholo we-cobalt we-cobalt eqhelekileyo yensimbi ye-high-speed emhlabeni ngokuqhelekileyo i-5% kunye ne-8%.Ngokomzekelo, i-W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 (i-American brand M42) ibonakaliswe ngumxholo ophantsi we-vanadium (1%), umxholo ophezulu we-cobalt (8%) kunye nobunzima bokunyanga ukushisa kwe-67-70HRC.Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezikhethekileyo zonyango lokushisa zikwamkelwe ukufumana i-67-68HRC ubulukhuni, obuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kokusika (ngokukodwa ukusika okuphakathi) kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwempembelelo.I-Cobalt i-high-speed steel ingenziwa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ezingasetyenziselwa ukusika izinto ezinzima kumatshini kunye nomphumo omhle.Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kokugaya, inokwenziwa kwizixhobo ezinzima, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe ngamazwe.Nangona kunjalo, i-China imfutshane kwimithombo ye-cobalt, kwaye ixabiso le-cobalt high-speed steel libiza, malunga namaxesha angama-5-8 ensimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu.
Ke ngoko, iChina iphuhlise intsimbi ye-aluminiyam enesantya esiphezulu.Amanqanaba e-aluminium high-speed steel yi-W6Mo5Cr4V2Al (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-501 steel), i-W6Mo5Cr4V5SiNbAl, i-W10Mo4Cr4VAL (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-5F6 steel), njl., kunye ne-aluminium (Al), i-silicon (Si), i-niobium (Nb) izakhi yongezwa ukuphucula ubunzima be-thermal kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.Ifanelekile kwizibonelelo zaseChina, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi.Ubulukhuni bonyango lobushushu bunokufikelela kwi-68HRC, kwaye ubulukhuni bobushushu bulungile.Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwentsimbi lulula ukukhupha i-oxidize kunye ne-decarburize, kwaye iplastikhi yayo kunye nokusila kuncinci, okusafuna ukuphuculwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-24-2023